| Peer-Reviewed

Numerical Analysis of CsSnGeI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D

Received: 22 September 2021    Accepted: 19 October 2021    Published: 29 October 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Recently, organic-inorganic perovskite-based solar cells have become promising devices due to their unique properties in the photovoltaic field. However, the factor of toxicity, stability, high production cost and complicated fabrication processes of these devices is a challenge to their progress in commercial production. Here a numerical modelling of Caesium Tin–Germanium Tri-Iodide (CsSnGeI3) as an efficient perovskite light absorber material is carried out. In this paper, different inorganic Hole Transport Materials (HTMs) such as Cu2O, CuI, CuSbS2, CuSCN and NiO have been analyzed with C60 as the Electron Transport Material (ETM). We intend to replace the conventional hole and electron transport materials such as TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD which have been known to be susceptible to light induced degradation. Moreover, the influence of the Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and the perovskite layer properties, bandgap, doping concentration and working temperature for various Hole Transport Layers (HTL) on the overall cell performance have been rigorously investigated. The design of the proposed PSC is performed utilizing SCAPS- 1D simulator and for optimum device an efficiency greater than 30% was obtained. The results indicate that CsSnGeI3 and C60 are viable candidates for use as an absorber layer and electron transport layer in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells, with none of the drawbacks that other PSCs have.

Published in International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12
Page(s) 87-95
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Perovskites, SCAPS, CsSnGeI3

References
[1] Yoshikawa, K. et al. Silicon heterojunction solar cell with interdigitated back contacts for a photoconversion efficiency over 26%. Nat. Energy 2, 17032 (2017).
[2] Lead Iodide Perovskite Sensitized All-Solid-State Submicron Thin Film Mesoscopic Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 9% | Scientific Reports. https://www.nature.com/articles/srep00591.
[3] Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells | Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12340.
[4] Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers | Science. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/350/6263/944.
[5] Correa-Baena, J.-P. et al. Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells. Science 358, 739–744 (2017).
[6] Park, N.-G. Perovskite solar cells: an emerging photovoltaic technology. Mater. Today 18, 65–72 (2015).
[7] Kim, H.-S., Im, S. H. & Park, N.-G. Organolead Halide Perovskite: New Horizons in Solar Cell Research. J. Phys. Chem. C118, 5615–5625 (2014).
[8] Ahn, N. et al. Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells with Average Efficiency of 18.3% and Best Efficiency of 19.7% Fabricated via Lewis Base Adduct of Lead(II) Iodide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 8696–8699 (2015).
[9] Perovskite solar cells: an emerging photovoltaic technology – Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702114002570.
[10] Stranks, S. D. et al. Electron-hole diffusion lengths exceeding 1 micrometer in an organometal trihalide perovskite absorber. Science 342, 341–344 (2013).
[11] Ahmed, S., Jannat, F., Khan, Md. A. K. & Alim, M. A. Numerical development of eco-friendly Cs2TiBr6 based perovskite solar cell with all-inorganic charge transport materials via SCAPS-1D. Optik 225, 165765 (2021).
[12] Mandadapu, U., Vedanayakam, S. V., Thyagarajan, K. & Babu, B. j. Optimisation of high efficiency tin halide perovskite solar cells using SCAPS-1D. Int. J. Simul. Process Model. 13, 221–227 (2018).
[13] Manceau, M., Rivaton, A., Gardette, J.-L., Guillerez, S. & Lemaître, N. Light-induced degradation of the P3HT- based solar cells active layer. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95, 1315–1325 (2011).
[14] Jiang, K., Wu, F., Zhang, G., Zhu, L. & Yan, H. Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Dopant-Free Spiro- OMeTAD Processed With Halogen-Free Green Solvent. Sol. RRL3, 1900061 (2019).
[15] A dopant-free organic hole transport material for efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells - Journal of Materials Chemistry A (RSC Publishing). https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2015/ta/c5ta02502h/unauth#!divAbstract.
[16] Chen, Y. et al. SnO2-based electron transporting layer materials for perovskite solar cells: A review of recent progress. J. Energy Chem. 35, 144–167 (2019).
[17] Jung, M. et al. Thermal Stability of CuSCN Hole Conductor-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. Chem Sus Chem 9, 2592–2596 (2016).
[18] Perovskite solar cells with CuSCN hole extraction layers yield stabilized efficiencies greater than 20% | Science. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/358/6364/768.
[19] Formation of pristine CuSCN layer by spray deposition method for efficient perovskite solar cell with extended stability - ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221128551630622X.
[20] Cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells: improved stability, reproducibility and high efficiency - Energy & Environmental Science (RSC Publishing). https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/ee/c5ee03874j#!divAbstract.
[21] Islam, M. T. et al. Numerical simulation studies of a fully inorganic Cs2AgBiBr6 perovskite solar device. Opt. Mater. 105, 109957 (2020).
[22] Continuous Grain-Boundary Functionalization for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with Exceptional Stability - ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451929418301189.
[23] Du, K., Meng, W., Wang, X., Yan, Y. & Mitzi, D. B. Bandgap Engineering of Lead-Free Double Perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 through Trivalent Metal Alloying. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 8158–8162 (2017).
[24] High-Quality Sequential-Vapor-Deposited Cs2AgBiBr6 Thin Films for Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells - Wang - 2018 - Solar RRL - Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/solr.201800217.
[25] Cesium Titanium(IV) Bromide Thin Films Based Stable Lead-free Perovskite Solar Cells - ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542435118300370.
[26] Ju, M.-G. et al. Earth-Abundant Nontoxic Titanium(IV)-based Vacancy-Ordered Double Perovskite Halides with Tunable 1.0 to 1.8 eV Bandgaps for Photovoltaic Applications. ACS Energy Lett. 3, 297–304 (2018).
[27] Heterojunction-Depleted Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with Coarse-Grained B-γ-CsSnI3 Thin Films – Wang.
[28] Advanced Energy Materials - Wiley Online Library. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aenm.201601130.
[29] MAPbI3 and FAPbI3 perovskites as solar cells: Case study on structural, electrical and optical properties - ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211379718311811.
[30] Enhanced stability and efficiency in hole-transport-layer-free CsSnI 3 perovskite photovoltaics | Nature Energy. https://www.nature.com/articles/nenergy2016178.
[31] Highly stable and efficient all-inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells with native-oxide passivation | Nature Communications. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07951-y.
[32] Shao, S. et al. Highly Reproducible Sn-Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency. Adv. Energy Mater. 8, 1702019 (2018).
[33] CsSnI3: Semiconductor or Metal? High Electrical Conductivity and Strong Near-Infrared Photoluminescence from a Single Material. High Hole Mobility and Phase-Transitions - Google Search. https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b- d&q=CsSnI3%3A+Semiconductor+or+Metal%3F+High+Electrical+Conductivity+and+Strong+Near- Infrared+Photoluminescence+from+a+Single+Material.+High+Hole+Mobility+and+Phase-Transitions.
[34] Roy, P. & Khare, A. Analysis of an efficient and eco-friendly CsGeSnI3 based perovskite solar cell: A theoretical study. Mater. Today Proc. 44, 2997–3000 (2021).
[35] Raghvendra, Kumar, R. R. & Pandey, S. K. Performance evaluation and material parameter perspective of eco-friendly highly efficient CsSnGeI3 perovskite solar cell. Superlattices Microstruct. 135, 106273 (2019).
[36] Raj, A., Kumar, M., Bherwani, H., Gupta, A. & Anshul, A. Evidence of improved power conversion efficiency in lead-free CsGeI3 based perovskite solar cell heterostructure via scaps simulation. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B39, 012401 (2020).
[37] Kancharla, S. & Kaushik, D. K. Optimization of electrical and optical properties of tin sulfide for thin film photovoltaics using SCAPS. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1531, 012016 (2020).
[38] Mouchou, R. T., Jen, T. C., Laseinde, O. T. & Ukoba, K. O. Numerical simulation and optimization of p-NiO/n- TiO2 solar cell system using SCAPS. Mater. Today Proc. 38, 835–841 (2021).
[39] Burgelman, M., Nollet, P. & Degrave, S. Modelling polycrystalline semiconductor solar cells. Thin Solid Films 361–362, 527–532 (2000).
[40] Decock, K., Khelifi, S. & Burgelman, M. Modelling multivalent defects in thin film solar cells. Thin Solid Films 519, 7481–7484 (2011).
[41] Verschraegen, J. & Burgelman, M. Numerical modeling of intra-band tunneling for heterojunction solar cells in scaps. Thin Solid Films 515, 6276–6279 (2007).
[42] (PDF) Simulation and Analysis of Methylammonium Lead Iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) Perovskite Solar Cell with Au Contact Using SCAPS 1D Simulator. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336409486_Simulation_and_Analysis_of_Methylammonium_Lead_Iodid e_CH3NH3PbI3_Perovskite_Solar_Cell_with_Au_Contact_Using_SCAPS_1D_Simulator.
[43] Investigating the Effect of ZnSe (ETM) and Cu2O (HTM) on Absorber Layer on the Performance of Pervoskite Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D:: Science Publishing Group. http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=622&doi=10.11648/j.ajpa.20200801.12.
[44] Chakraborty, K., Choudhury, M. G. & Paul, S. Numerical study of Cs2TiX6 (X = Br−, I−, F− and Cl−) based perovskite solar cell using SCAPS-1D device simulation. Sol. Energy 194, 886–892 (2019).
[45] Azadinia, M., Ameri, M., Ghahrizjani, R. T. & Fathollahi, M. Maximizing the performance of single and multijunction MA and lead-free perovskite solar cell. Mater. Today Energy 20, 100647 (2021).
[46] Olopade, M., Adewoyin, A., Chendo, M. & Bolaji, A. The Study of Some Materials as Buffer Layer in Copper Antimony Sulphide (CUSbS2) Solar Cell Using SCAPS 1-D. in 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) 2381–2384 (2017). doi: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366580.
[47] Nithya, K. S. & Sudheer, K. S. Device modelling of non-fullerene organic solar cell with inorganic CuI hole transport layer using SCAPS 1-D. Optik 217, 164790 (2020).
[48] Sawicka-Chudy, P., Sibiński, M., Wisz, G., Rybak-Wilusz, E. zbieta & Cholewa, M. Numerical analysis and optimization of Cu2O/TiO2, CuO/TiO2, heterojunction solar cells using SCAPS. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1033, 012002 (2018).
[49] A Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cell With an Inverted Hole-Free Transport Layer to Achieve High Energy Conversion Efficiency by & nbsp; SCAPS Device Simulation | Research Square. https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-338951/v1.
[50] Effect of different device parameters on tin-based perovskite solar cell coupled with In2S3 electron transport layer and CuSCN and Spiro-OMeTAD alternative hole transport layers for high-efficiency performance: Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects: Vol 0, No 0. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15567036.2020.1820628.
[51] Toshniwal, A., Jariwala, A., Opanasyuk, A., Panchal, C. & Kheraj, V. Numerical simulation of tin based perovskite solar cell: Effects of absorber parameters and hole transport materials. (2017).
[52] Azizi, T., Toujeni, H., Ben Karoui, M. & Gharbi, R. A comprehensive device modeling of solid state dye sensitized solar cell with SCAPS-1D. in 2019 19th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA) 336–340 (2019). doi: 10.1109/STA.2019.8717282.
[53] Abdelfatah, M., Ismail, W., El-Shafai, N. M. & El-Shaer, A. Effect of thickness, bandgap, and carrier concentration on the basic parameters of Cu2O nanostructures photovoltaics: numerical simulation study. Mater. Technol. 0, 1–9 (2020).
[54] Kumar, M. et al. Organic-inorganic perovskite-based solar cell designs for high conversion efficiency: A comparative study by SCAPS simulation. Mater. Today Proc. (2020) doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.035.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Titu Thomas. (2021). Numerical Analysis of CsSnGeI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 10(5), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Titu Thomas. Numerical Analysis of CsSnGeI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2021, 10(5), 87-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Titu Thomas. Numerical Analysis of CsSnGeI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2021;10(5):87-95. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12,
      author = {Titu Thomas},
      title = {Numerical Analysis of CsSnGeI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D},
      journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
      volume = {10},
      number = {5},
      pages = {87-95},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.20211005.12},
      abstract = {Recently, organic-inorganic perovskite-based solar cells have become promising devices due to their unique properties in the photovoltaic field. However, the factor of toxicity, stability, high production cost and complicated fabrication processes of these devices is a challenge to their progress in commercial production. Here a numerical modelling of Caesium Tin–Germanium Tri-Iodide (CsSnGeI3) as an efficient perovskite light absorber material is carried out. In this paper, different inorganic Hole Transport Materials (HTMs) such as Cu2O, CuI, CuSbS2, CuSCN and NiO have been analyzed with C60 as the Electron Transport Material (ETM). We intend to replace the conventional hole and electron transport materials such as TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD which have been known to be susceptible to light induced degradation. Moreover, the influence of the Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and the perovskite layer properties, bandgap, doping concentration and working temperature for various Hole Transport Layers (HTL) on the overall cell performance have been rigorously investigated. The design of the proposed PSC is performed utilizing SCAPS- 1D simulator and for optimum device an efficiency greater than 30% was obtained. The results indicate that CsSnGeI3 and C60 are viable candidates for use as an absorber layer and electron transport layer in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells, with none of the drawbacks that other PSCs have.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Numerical Analysis of CsSnGeI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using SCAPS-1D
    AU  - Titu Thomas
    Y1  - 2021/10/29
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12
    T2  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
    JF  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
    JO  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
    SP  - 87
    EP  - 95
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-960X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20211005.12
    AB  - Recently, organic-inorganic perovskite-based solar cells have become promising devices due to their unique properties in the photovoltaic field. However, the factor of toxicity, stability, high production cost and complicated fabrication processes of these devices is a challenge to their progress in commercial production. Here a numerical modelling of Caesium Tin–Germanium Tri-Iodide (CsSnGeI3) as an efficient perovskite light absorber material is carried out. In this paper, different inorganic Hole Transport Materials (HTMs) such as Cu2O, CuI, CuSbS2, CuSCN and NiO have been analyzed with C60 as the Electron Transport Material (ETM). We intend to replace the conventional hole and electron transport materials such as TiO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD which have been known to be susceptible to light induced degradation. Moreover, the influence of the Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and the perovskite layer properties, bandgap, doping concentration and working temperature for various Hole Transport Layers (HTL) on the overall cell performance have been rigorously investigated. The design of the proposed PSC is performed utilizing SCAPS- 1D simulator and for optimum device an efficiency greater than 30% was obtained. The results indicate that CsSnGeI3 and C60 are viable candidates for use as an absorber layer and electron transport layer in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells, with none of the drawbacks that other PSCs have.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Physics, Nirmala College, Muvattupuzha, India

  • Sections